Деньги

is the international standard describing three letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The ISO 4217 code list is the established norm in banking and business all over the world for defining different currencies, and in many countries the codes for the more common currencies are so well known publicly, that exchange rates published in newspapers or posted in banks use only these to define the different currencies, instead of translated currency names or ambiguous currency symbols.

The first two letters of the code are the two letters of ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes (which are similar to those used for national top-level domains on the Internet) and the third is usually the initial of the currency itself. So Japan's currency code becomes JPY—JP for Japan and Y for yen. This eliminates the problem caused by the names dollar, franc and pound being used in dozens of different countries, each having significantly differing values. Also, if a currency is revalued, the currency code's last letter is changed to distinguish it from the old currency. In some cases, the third letter is the initial for "new" in that country's language, to distinguish it from an older currency that was revalued; the code often long outlasts the usage of the term "new" itself. Examples of this include the Mexican peso (MXN) and the Turkish lira (TRY). Other changes can be seen, however; the Russian ruble, for example, changed from RUR to RUB, where the B comes from the third letter in the word "ruble".

There is also a three-digit code number assigned to each currency, in the same manner as there is also a three-digit code number assigned to each country as part of ISO 3166.

The standard also defines the relationship between the major currency unit and any minor currency unit. Often, the minor currency unit has a value that is 1/100 of the major unit, but 1/10 or 1/1000 are also common. Some currencies do not have any minor currency unit at all. In others, the major currency unit has so little value that the minor unit is no longer generally used (e.g. the Japanese sen, 1/100th of a yen). Mauritania does not use a decimal division of units, setting 1 ouguiya (UM) = 5 khoums, and Madagascar has 1 ariary = 5 iraimbilanja.

ISO 4217 includes codes for not only currencies, but also codes for precious metals (gold, silver, palladium and platinum; by definition expressed per one troy ounce, as compared to "1 USD") and certain other entities used in international finance, e.g. Special Drawing Rights. There are also special codes allocated for testing purposes (XTS), and to indicate no currency transactions (XXX). These codes all begin with the letter "X". The precious metals use "X" plus the metal's chemical symbol; silver, for example, is XAG. ISO 3166 never assigns country codes beginning with "X", so ISO 4217 can use "X" codes for non-country-specific currencies without risk of clashing with future country codes.

Supranational currencies, such as the East Caribbean dollar, the CFP franc, the CFA franc BEAC and the CFA franc BCEAO are normally also represented by codes beginning with an "X". However, the Euro is represented by the code EUR; although EU is not an ISO 3166-1 country code, it was used anyway, and in order to do so EU was added to the ISO 3166-1 reserved codes list to represent the European Union. The predecessor to the Euro, the European Currency Unit, had the code XEU.

History

In 1973, the ISO Technical Committee 68 decided to develop codes for the representation of currencies and funds for use in any application of trade, commerce or banking. At the 17th session (February 1978) of the related UN/ECE Group of Experts agreed that the three letter alphabetic codes for International Standard ISO 4217, "Codes for the representation of currencies and funds", would be suitable for use in international trade.

Over time, new currencies are created and old currencies are discontinued. Frequently, these changes are due to new governments (through war or a new constitution), treaties between countries standardizing on a currency, or revaluation of the currency due to excessive inflation. As a result, the list of codes must be updated from time to time. The ISO 4217 maintenance agency (MA), the British Standards Institution, is responsible for maintaining the list of codes.

Without currency code

A number of territories are not included in ISO 4217, because their currencies are not per se an independent currency, but a variant of another currency. In the case of the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man, they have no ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes and hence there is no corresponding currency code. These currencies are:

Faroese króna (dependent on the Danish krone)
Guernsey pound (dependent on the Pound sterling; no ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code)
Jersey pound (dependent on the Pound sterling; no ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code)
Isle of Man pound (dependent on the Pound sterling; no ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code)
Tuvaluan dollar (dependent on the Australian dollar).

Obsolete currency codes

Note that the currency names used below may not match the currency names used in the ISO standard itself, but the codes do match.

Replaced by Euro

ADP Andorran Peseta
ATS Austrian Schilling
BEF Belgian Franc
DEM Deutsche Mark
ESP Spanish Peseta
FIM Finnish Markka
FRF French Franc
GRD Greek Drachma
IEP Irish Pound
ITL Italian Lira
LUF Luxembourg Franc
NLG Dutch Guilder
PTE Portuguese Escudo
XEU European Currency Unit (ECU)

Replaced for other reasons

AFA Afghani (replaced by AFN)
ALK Albanian old lek (replaced by ALL)
AON Angolan New Kwanza (replaced by AOA)
AOR Angolan Kwanza Readjustado (replaced by AOA)
ARP Peso Argentino (replaced by ARS)
ARY Argentine peso (replaced by ARS)
AZM Azerbaijani manat (replaced by AZN)
BEC Belgian Franc (convertible)
BEL Belgian Franc (financial)
BGJ Bulgarian lev A/52 (replaced by BGN)
BGK Bulgarian lev A/62 (replaced by BGN)
BGL Bulgarian lev A/99 (replaced by BGN)
BOP Bolivian peso (replaced by BOB)
BRB Brazilian cruzeiro (replaced by BRL)
BRC Brazilian cruzado (replaced by BRL)
CNX Chinese People's Bank dollar (replaced by CNY)
CSJ Czechoslovak koruna A/53
CSK Czechoslovak koruna (replaced by CZK and SKK)
DDM mark der DDR (East Germany) (replaced by DEM)
ECS Ecuador sucre (replaced by USD)
ECV Ecuador Unidad de Valor Constante (Funds code) (discontinued)
EQE Equatorial Guinean ekwele (replaced by XAF)
ESA Spanish peseta (account A)
ESB Spanish peseta (account B)
GNE Guinean syli (replaced by XOF)
GWP Guinea peso (replaced by XOF)
ILP Israeli pound (replaced by ILR)
ILR Israeli old shekel (replaced by ILS)
ISJ Icelandic old krona (replaced by ISK)
LAJ Lao kip - Pot Pol (replaced by LAK)
MAF Mali franc (replaced by XOF)
MGF Malagasy franc (replaced by MGA)
MKN Macedonian denar A/93 (replaced by MKD)
MVQ Maldive rupee (replaced by MVR)
MXP Mexican peso (replaced by MXN)
PEH Peruvian sol (replaced by PEN)
PLZ Polish złoty A/94 (replaced by PLN)
ROK Romanian leu A/52 (replaced by ROL)
ROL Romanian leu A/05 (replaced by RON)
RUR Russian ruble (replaced by RUB)
SRG Suriname guilder (replaced by SRD)
SUR Soviet Union ruble (replaced by RUB)
SVC Salvadoran colón (replaced by USD)
TPE Timor escudo
TRL Turkish lira A/05 (replaced by TRY)
UGW Ugandan old shilling (replaced by UGX)
UYN Uruguay old peso (replaced by UYU)
VNC Vietnamese old dong (replaced by VND)
YDD South Yemeni dinar (replaced by YER)
YUD New Yugoslavian Dinar (replaced by CSD)
YUM Yugoslavian Dinar (replaced by CSD)
ZAL South African financial rand (Funds code) (discontinued)
ZRN New Zaire (replaced by CDF)
ZRZ Zaire (replaced by CDF)
ZWC Zimbabwe Rhodesian dollar (replaced by ZWD)

External links

bg:ISO 4217 ca:ISO 4217 cv:ISO 4217 cs:Seznam měn cy:ISO 4217 da:ISO 4217 de:ISO 4217 es:ISO 4217 eo:ISO 4217 eU:ISO 4217 fr:ISO 4217 ko:ISO 4217 id:ISO 4217 is:ISO 4217 it:ISO 4217 he:ISO 4217 ln:ISO 4217 hu:ISO 4217 nl:ISO 4217 ja:ISO 4217 no:ISO 4217 nn:ISO 4217 pl:ISO 4217 pt:ISO 4217 ru:ISO 4217 sl:ISO 4217 fi:ISO 4217 th:ISO 4217 zh:ISO 4217

Деньги

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Действующие коды

ISO 4217

History

Without currency code

Obsolete currency codes

Replaced by Euro

Replaced for other reasons

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